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Electrolyzed-Reduced Water: Review II: Safety Concerns and Effectiveness as a Source of Hydrogen Water.

電解還元水の安全性と水素水としての有効性に関するレビュー

review hydrogen-rich water mixed

Abstract

Multiple studies support the safety profile of alkaline electrolyzed-reduced water (ERW), yet certain animal experiments have documented tissue injury and hyperkalemia following ERW consumption. Electrode degradation at elevated pH levels may allow platinum nanoparticles and other potentially harmful metals to leach into the water, though the precise mechanism remains unclear. Clinical data indicate that ERW with pH exceeding 9.8 can induce dangerous hyperkalemia in some individuals, prompting regulatory limits at that threshold. Individuals with compromised renal function are advised to avoid ERW without medical oversight. Additional concerns encompass impaired growth, reduced absorption of minerals and vitamins, bacterial overgrowth, and mucosal lining damage. Because dissolved H2 concentrations in ERW may fall below therapeutically relevant levels, accurate measurement methods—rather than ORP-based meters—are recommended. The review concludes that further safety investigations are warranted and that pH 9.8 should not be exceeded during ERW consumption.

Mechanism

Electrode degradation under high-pH electrolysis conditions may cause platinum nanoparticles and other metals to leach into the water, potentially inducing tissue damage and hyperkalemia through metal toxicity mechanisms.

Bibliographic

Authors
LeBaron TW, Sharpe R, Ohno K
Journal
Int J Mol Sci
Year
2022 (2022-11-22)
PMID
36498838
DOI
10.3390/ijms232314508
PMC
PMC9736533

Tags

Disease:重金属毒性 腎疾患 Delivery:水素水経口投与 Mechanism:炎症抑制 酸化ストレス Safety:高濃度機器 規制・ガイドライン

Delivery context

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

Safety notes

Hydrogen-rich water is a low-risk delivery route, but the achievable systemic hydrogen dose is bounded. For clinical applications, inhalation is the most efficient route; inhalation, however, carries explosion risk, and concentration matters (empirical LFL of 10% applies to inhalation environments; high-concentration devices are documented in the Consumer Affairs Agency accident database and are not recommended).

See also:

Other papers on the same disease / condition

Cite as: H2 Papers — PMID 36498838. https://h2-papers.org/en/papers/36498838
Source: PubMed PMID 36498838