Nano-bubble hydrogen water: An effective therapeutic agent against inflammation related disease caused by viral infection in zebrafish model.

Abstract

Nano-bubble hydrogen water (nano-HW) at approximately 0.7 ppm was prepared and evaluated using spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV)-infected zebrafish as an experimental model. Three-month-old zebrafish were divided into nano-HW and control (aquaculture water) groups. Cumulative mortality in SVCV-infected fish decreased by 40% in the nano-HW group, and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated significant suppression of viral replication. Histopathological staining revealed marked reduction of SVCV-induced tissue damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was substantially diminished following nano-HW exposure. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α were notably lower in nano-HW-treated animals both in vivo and in vitro. These findings indicate that nano-HW can suppress virus-driven inflammatory responses in zebrafish, suggesting potential applicability in antiviral research.

Mechanism

Nano-bubble hydrogen water suppresses ROS accumulation generated during viral infection and reduces proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α), thereby attenuating virus-associated tissue damage and inflammatory cascades in zebrafish.