apoptosis regulation

280 papers

Research evidence summary

Q: Does molecular hydrogen help with apoptosis regulation?

A: Of 280 peer-reviewed papers, 197 reported a positive effect (the most common), 8 limited/mixed, 2 negative, 72 not assessed. Study mix: 8 human (3 RCT), 196 animal/basic, 74 meta-analysis or synthesis. The most studied delivery route is mixed routes. The above aggregates published research and does not constitute a clinically established conclusion. See the individual paper pages for details and Safety notes for inhalation safety. (last updated 2026-05-15)

Evidence breakdown
Human	8	of which RCT	3
Animal/basic	196	Synthesis/meta	74
Reported effect	positive 197 ・ limited/mixed 8 ・ negative 2 ・ not assessed 72

Read the safety notes →

Delivery-method distribution

mixed routes: 61 hydrogen-rich water: 61 inhalation: 53 in vitro: 47 injection / infusion: 29 not specified: 22 topical application: 5 hydrogen bath: 1 animal model: 1

Gas as medicine: the case for hydrogen gas as a therapeutic agent for critical illness.
2025 ・ Intensive Care Med Exp ・ PMID 40938520

mixed routes not assessed review
Nanobiocatalyst-Driven Spatiotemporal Hydrogen Delivery Induces Dormancy Potentiated Catalytic Tumor Therapy.
2025 ・ ACS Nano ・ PMID 40931918

in vitro positive in vitro study
Immunomodulatory Effects of Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus With Pericarditis and Pleuritis: A Case Report.
2025 ・ In Vivo ・ PMID 40877145

not specified mixed human case report
Local Delivery of Molecular Hydrogen by Fluorinated Zeolitic Imidazole Framework Nanosheets Boosts Cancer Immunotherapy.
2025 ・ ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ・ PMID 40864154

in vitro positive in vitro study
Molecular hydrogen protects against sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy through improving Golgi stress-mediated autophagy, inflammation and apoptosis.
2025 ・ Br J Pharmacol ・ PMID 40717465

inhalation positive animal study
Molecular hydrogen attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating β-hydroxybutyrate metabolism.
2025 ・ Mol Biol Rep ・ PMID 40705191

inhalation positive animal study
Mechanism of hydrogen-rich water alleviating radiation-induced cognitive impairment through PI3K/AKT/Caspase-9 pathway mediating anti-oxidation.
2025 ・ Mol Cell Biochem ・ PMID 40646375

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Delivery of Molecular Hydrogen for Precision Immunomodulation: Mechanisms, Detection Methods, and Applications.
2025 ・ Adv Sci (Weinh) ・ PMID 40619605

mixed routes not assessed review
Molecular Hydrogen Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report on the Amelioration of Methotrexate-induced Myelosuppression and Immune Modulation.
2025 ・ In Vivo ・ PMID 40579028

not specified positive human case report
Molecular hydrogen as a novel regulator of cellular pyroptosis: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.
2025 ・ Mol Biol Rep ・ PMID 40569354

not specified not assessed review
Molecular hydrogen therapy: A "democratic" emerging strategy against aging and age-related diseases.
2025 ・ Ageing Res Rev ・ PMID 40518021

mixed routes not assessed review
Local Visible-Photocatalytic Production of Hydrogen and Warm Heat for Combination Treatment of Pressure Ulcer.
2025 ・ Adv Sci (Weinh) ・ PMID 40491331

topical application positive animal study
Molecular hydrogen mitigates NEMP-induced male reproductive cells apoptosis via scavenging ROS.
2025 ・ Electromagn Biol Med ・ PMID 40476593

in vitro positive in vitro study
Hydrogen activates ACOD1-itaconate pathway to ameliorate steroid-associated osteonecrosis.
2025 ・ Biomaterials ・ PMID 40411985

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Treatment with hydrogen-rich water protects against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats through stabilizing liver-brain disturbance.
2025 ・ Sci Rep ・ PMID 40410340

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
Molecular hydrogen mitigates traumatic brain injury-induced lung injury via NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition.
2025 ・ BMC Chem ・ PMID 40405232

inhalation positive animal study
Molecular Hydrogen in the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases.
2025 ・ Int J Mol Sci ・ PMID 40362357

mixed routes not assessed review
Role and mechanism of molecular hydrogen in the treatment of Parkinson's diseases.
2025 ・ Front Neurosci ・ PMID 40336538

mixed routes mixed review
Hydrogen combined with needle-embedding therapy alleviates traumatic brain injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation via STING signaling pathway.
2025 ・ Cytokine ・ PMID 40187069

mixed routes positive animal study
Progress in the Application of Molecular Hydrogen in Medical Skin Cosmetology.
2025 ・ Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol ・ PMID 40061044

mixed routes not assessed review
Molecular Hydrogen Therapy Enhances Immune Markers in Treg, Plasma, Tr1 Cells, and KLRG1 Expression on Tc Cells: A Case of Acute SDH With Midline Shift and Uncal Herniation Post-decompressive Craniectomy.
2025 ・ In Vivo ・ PMID 40010997

hydrogen-rich water mixed human case report
Performance of Unmodified Mechanical Ventilators With 2% Hydrogen Gas Mixtures.
2025 ・ Respir Care ・ PMID 39969918

inhalation not assessed other
Long-term consumption of hydrogen-rich water provides hepatoprotection by improving mitochondrial biology and quality control in chronically stressed mice.
2025 ・ PLoS One ・ PMID 39951412

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study
A comprehensive review of molecular hydrogen as a novel nutrition therapy in relieving oxidative stress and diseases: Mechanisms and perspectives.
2025 ・ Biochem Biophys Rep ・ PMID 39911528

mixed routes not assessed review
Molecular Hydrogen Modulates T Cell Differentiation and Enhances Neuro-Regeneration in a Vascular Dementia Mouse Model.
2025 ・ Antioxidants (Basel) ・ PMID 39857445

hydrogen-rich water positive animal study