Effects of hydrogen-rich water prepared by alternating-current-electrolysis on antioxidant activity, DNA oxidative injuries, and diabetes-related markers.

Abstract

Hydrogen-rich water produced via alternating-current (AC) electrolysis achieved a dissolved hydrogen concentration of 1.55 mg/L, an oxidation-reduction potential of −270 mV, and a pH of 7.7–7.8, values closer to physiological body-fluid parameters than those of conventional direct-current preparations. Nanoparticle tracking analysis demonstrated that nanobubble suspensions reaching 5.4 × 10/mL were largely preserved (up to 3.5 × 10/mL) even after 10 minutes of boiling, a thermodynamically unexpected result. Electron spin resonance with DMPO spin trapping confirmed hydroxyl-radical-scavenging capacity. In a clinical observation involving nine individuals whose diabetes-related serum markers exceeded normal ranges, daily oral intake of 1500 mL for 8 weeks was associated with significant reductions in fasting blood glucose and fructosamine, an increase in 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, and marked decreases in urinary 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels and its generation rate. These findings suggest that heat-resistant nanobubbles formed during AC electrolysis may contribute to sustained hydrogen bioavailability and the observed metabolic and antioxidant effects.

Mechanism

Heat-resistant nanobubbles formed by AC electrolysis maintain elevated dissolved hydrogen concentrations even after boiling; this hydrogen scavenges hydroxyl radicals, reducing systemic DNA oxidative damage (urinary 8-OHdG) and improving glucose metabolism markers including fasting blood glucose and fructosamine.