Micro/Nanomaterials-Augmented Hydrogen Therapy.

Abstract

Molecular hydrogen exhibits bio-reductive and homeostatic properties that confer beneficial effects against oxidative stress- and inflammation-related conditions. Unlike gaseous transmitters such as NO, CO, and H2S, H2 does not interfere with oxygen transport by erythrocytes, making high-concentration exposure relatively safe. However, its low aqueous solubility and non-directional diffusion limit site-specific efficacy. This review introduces the concept of hydrogen nanomedicine, systematically organizing approaches that employ functional micro/nanomaterials to achieve targeted hydrogen delivery, controlled release, and nanocatalytic or multimodal enhancement of hydrogen efficacy. These strategies are presented as a framework for advancing the investigation of hydrogen's effects on inflammation-related diseases.

Mechanism

H2 exerts bio-reductive effects and modulates homeostatic pathways to suppress oxidative stress and inflammation. Functional micro/nanomaterials enable targeted delivery and controlled release, increasing local H2 concentration and enhancing efficacy at disease sites.