The overlooked benefits of hydrogen-producing bacteria.

Abstract

Intestinal bacteria are broadly categorized as beneficial or harmful, yet the precise mechanisms by which beneficial strains promote human health have remained poorly understood. This review addresses that gap by focusing on hydrogen-producing bacteria residing in the gut. Molecular hydrogen is known to neutralize hydroxyl radicals generated in mitochondria, thereby shielding cells from oxidative damage; however, awareness of its in vivo metabolic role has been limited. Accumulating evidence now indicates a close association between the quantity of hydrogen produced by gut microbiota and the development of various diseases. The report examines this relationship and highlights the overlooked contribution of hydrogen-producing bacteria to overall health.

Mechanism

Hydrogen generated by gut bacteria reacts with mitochondria-derived hydroxyl radicals, reducing cellular oxidative stress; the quantity of bacterial hydrogen production is thought to correlate with susceptibility to various diseases.