Dynamics of Metabolic and Oxidative Parameters of Erythrocytes during Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure with Molecular Hydrogen.
慢性心不全患者における分子状水素吸入が赤血球の代謝・酸化パラメータに与える影響の経時的変化
Abstract
This study examined the influence of 2% molecular hydrogen (H2) inhalation on erythrocyte biochemical markers in patients with chronic heart failure. H2 was administered for 40 minutes either once or on five consecutive days. Both single and repeated inhalation sessions elevated erythrocyte ATP concentrations, with the repeated regimen producing a more pronounced increase. Levels of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) rose specifically after repeated H2 exposure. Concurrently, malondialdehyde concentrations declined and catalase activity increased, indicating reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant defense. These findings suggest that repeated H2 inhalation improves erythrocyte metabolic function and attenuates oxidative stress, potentially benefiting microcirculation and offering a degree of protection against ischemic and reperfusion injury to the myocardium.
Mechanism
H2 inhalation elevated erythrocyte ATP and 2,3-DPG levels while reducing malondialdehyde and increasing catalase activity, suggesting that H2 suppresses lipid peroxidation and enhances antioxidant enzyme function, thereby improving erythrocyte metabolism and microcirculatory dynamics.
Bibliographic
- Authors
- Deryugina AV, Danilova DA, Skokova AA, Brichkin YD, Pichugin VV, Medvedev AP, et al.
- Journal
- Bull Exp Biol Med
- Year
- 2022
- PMID
- 36210415
- DOI
- 10.1007/s10517-022-05595-z
Tags
Delivery context
In air, molecular hydrogen is reported to be combustible across approximately **4% (LFL, lower flammability limit) to 75% (UFL, upper flammability limit)**. Among high-concentration hydrogen inhalers, 66% output sits inside this range, and even pure-hydrogen (100%) output forms a 4–75% concentration-gradient layer at the device–air boundary (the UFL 75% paradox). Engineering principle would therefore call for operation below LFL (the classical 4%); that figure, however, was measured under closed, pre-mixed, static conditions. For the open, dynamic inhalation environment, the empirical value reported in the literature is **10%**, which is the figure referenced in practice as the operating ceiling. The 66% / 100% output devices are recorded in the Japanese Consumer Affairs Agency accident-information database, and from these considerations are not recommended.
Safety notes
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