Evidence base for hydrogen-saline infusion

Overview

Hydrogen-saline intravenous infusion is a clinic-only delivery route. Clinical and animal studies are catalogued here; for routine intake, inhalation remains the most practical route (→ safety notes).

Related papers73

Acoustic hydrogen delivery to treat PANoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
Biomater Adv ・ 2026 ・ PMID 41671925

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen Molecule Delivery System to Ischemic Intestine Using Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of Aorta in Hemorrhagic Shock-A Proof-of-Concept Study.
Biomedicines ・ 2026 ・ PMID 41751354

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hemodialysis employing molecular hydrogen (H) enriched dialysis solution may improve dialysis related fatigue through impact on energy metabolism.
Sci Rep ・ 2025 ・ PMID 39934143

injection / infusion positive human observational study
Modulating NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity and Enhancing Cortical Synaptic Plasticity: Nanoparticulate Hydrogen's Role in Relief of Post-traumatic Anxiety-like Behaviors in Rats.
Mol Neurobiol ・ 2025 ・ PMID 41261203

injection / infusion positive animal study
Four-dimensional data independent acquisition proteomics and metabolomics reveal mechanisms of hydrogen-rich water at Zusanli (ST36) point against triple-negative breast cancer in mice.
J Tradit Chin Med ・ 2025 ・ PMID 41376217

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Spinal Cord Damage in Rats.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) ・ 2023 ・ PMID 37111284

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy rat model.
Int Immunopharmacol ・ 2023 ・ PMID 37556997

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis by reducing expression of calpain1 via miR-124-3p.
ESC Heart Fail ・ 2023 ・ PMID 37602925

injection / infusion positive animal study
Attenuation of Myocardial Fibrosis Using Molecular Hydrogen by Inhibiting the TGF-β Signaling Pathway in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats.
Am J Hypertens ・ 2022 ・ PMID 34618887

injection / infusion positive animal study
Evaluation of the hydrogen-rich water alleviation potential on mercury toxicity in earthworms using ATR-FTIR and LC-ESI-MS/MS spectroscopy.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ・ 2022 ・ PMID 34718956

injection / infusion positive animal study
Treatment with Hydrogen-Rich Water Improves the Nociceptive and Anxio-Depressive-like Behaviors Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Pain in Mice.
Antioxidants (Basel) ・ 2022 ・ PMID 36358525

injection / infusion positive animal study
Effects of hydrogen-rich saline in neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in rat model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
J Transl Med ・ 2022 ・ PMID 36435787

injection / infusion positive animal study
Pharmacokinetics of hydrogen administered intraperitoneally as hydrogen-rich saline and its effect on ischemic neuronal cell death in the brain in gerbils.
PLoS One ・ 2022 ・ PMID 36574398

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective Effects of a Hydrogen-Rich Preservation Solution in a Canine Lung Transplantation Model.
Ann Thorac Surg ・ 2021 ・ PMID 32649946

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective effects of hydrogen rich saline solution on ventral penile mathieu type flap with penile tourniquet application in rats.
J Pediatr Urol ・ 2021 ・ PMID 33608226

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen alleviates acute lung injury induced by limb ischaemia/reperfusion in mice.
Life Sci ・ 2021 ・ PMID 34052293

injection / infusion positive animal study
Molecular hydrogen attenuates methamphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization and activation of ERK-ΔFosB signaling in the mouse nucleus accumbens.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry ・ 2020 ・ PMID 31629777

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective effects of hydrogen‑rich saline against experimental diabetic peripheral neuropathy via activation of the mitochondrial ATP‑sensitive potassium channel channels in rats.
Mol Med Rep ・ 2020 ・ PMID 31746358

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective effects of a hydrogen-rich solution during cold ischemia in rat lung transplantation.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg ・ 2020 ・ PMID 31780065

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Water Against Cartilage Damage in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress, Matrix Catabolism, and Apoptosis.
Med Sci Monit ・ 2020 ・ PMID 31927559

injection / infusion positive animal study
Molecular hydrogen regulates PTEN-AKT-mTOR signaling via ROS to alleviate peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis.
FASEB J ・ 2020 ・ PMID 31930571

injection / infusion positive animal study
Molecular hydrogen: potential in mitigating oxidative-stress-induced radiation injury.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ・ 2019 ・ PMID 30543459

injection / infusion positive review
Sustained release of bioactive hydrogen by Pd hydride nanoparticles overcomes Alzheimer's disease.
Biomaterials ・ 2019 ・ PMID 30703744

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich solution attenuates cold ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver transplantation.
BMC Gastroenterol ・ 2019 ・ PMID 30736744

injection / infusion positive animal study
Organ preservation solution containing dissolved hydrogen gas from a hydrogen-absorbing alloy canister improves function of transplanted ischemic kidneys in miniature pigs.
PLoS One ・ 2019 ・ PMID 31574107

injection / infusion positive animal study
Prevention of ischemia-induced hearing loss by intravenous administration of hydrogen-rich saline in gerbil.
Neurosci Lett ・ 2018 ・ PMID 29223865

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-Rich Saline Regulates Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, Dysbiosis, and Bacterial Translocation in a Murine Model of Sepsis.
Shock ・ 2018 ・ PMID 29293174

injection / infusion positive animal study
Novel haemodialysis (HD) treatment employing molecular hydrogen (H)-enriched dialysis solution improves prognosis of chronic dialysis patients: A prospective observational study.
Sci Rep ・ 2018 ・ PMID 29321509

injection / infusion positive human observational study
Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophyin rats: possible role of JAK-STAT signaling.
BMC Cardiovasc Disord ・ 2018 ・ PMID 29433438

injection / infusion positive animal study
[Effect of hydrogen-rich water on the chondriosome damage and cytokines in brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury].
Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue ・ 2018 ・ PMID 29663991

injection / infusion positive animal study
Translational Research of Peritoneal Dialysis Solution with Dissolved Molecular Hydrogen.
Contrib Nephrol ・ 2018 ・ PMID 30041222

injection / infusion positive animal study
[Research progress of hydrogen-rich saline for eye diseases].
Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi ・ 2018 ・ PMID 30107657

injection / infusion not assessed review
Hydrogen Flush After Cold Storage as a New End-Ischemic Ex Vivo Treatment for Liver Grafts Against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.
Liver Transpl ・ 2018 ・ PMID 30120877

injection / infusion positive animal study
Molecular hydrogen protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in a mouse fatty liver model via regulating HO-1 and Sirt1 expression.
Sci Rep ・ 2018 ・ PMID 30232347

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline improves non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease by alleviating oxidative stress and activating hepatic PPARα and PPARγ.
Mol Med Rep ・ 2017 ・ PMID 28098910

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective effects of molecular hydrogen on steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rabbits via reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord ・ 2017 ・ PMID 28148301

injection / infusion positive animal study
Molecular hydrogen potentiates beneficial anti-infarct effect of hypoxic postconditioning in isolated rat hearts: a novel cardioprotective intervention.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ・ 2017 ・ PMID 28350967

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates anxiety-like behaviors in morphine-withdrawn mice.
Neuropharmacology ・ 2017 ・ PMID 28359771

injection / infusion positive animal study
Therapeutic effects of hydrogen on chronic graft-versus-host disease.
J Cell Mol Med ・ 2017 ・ PMID 28374556

injection / infusion positive animal study
[Effect of hydrogen-rich water on the CD34 expression in lesion boundary brain tissue of rats with traumatic brain injury].
Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue ・ 2017 ・ PMID 28627348

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective effects of hydrogen rich water on the intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury due to intestinal intussusception in a rat model.
Med Gas Res ・ 2017 ・ PMID 28744362

injection / infusion positive animal study
Possible clinical effects of molecular hydrogen (H2) delivery during hemodialysis in chronic dialysis patients: Interim analysis in a 12 month observation.
PLoS One ・ 2017 ・ PMID 28902900

injection / infusion positive human observational study
Dissolved molecular hydrogen (H) in Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) solutions preserves mesothelial cells and peritoneal membrane integrity.
BMC Nephrol ・ 2017 ・ PMID 29089029

injection / infusion positive animal study
Treatment with Hydrogen-Rich Saline Delays Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
Neurochem Res ・ 2016 ・ PMID 26537817

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich water attenuates brain damage and inflammation after traumatic brain injury in rats.
Brain Res ・ 2016 ・ PMID 26826009

injection / infusion positive animal study
Developing imidazoles as CEST MRI pH sensors.
Contrast Media Mol Imaging ・ 2016 ・ PMID 27071959

injection / infusion positive in vitro study
Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline in Global Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Rats: Up-Regulated Tregs and Down-Regulated miR-21, miR-210 and NF-κB Expression.
Neurochem Res ・ 2016 ・ PMID 27386874

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-Rich Saline as an Innovative Therapy for Cataract: A Hypothesis.
Med Sci Monit ・ 2016 ・ PMID 27606690

injection / infusion not assessed other
[Effects of hydrogen-rich water on the expression of aquaporin 1 in the cerebral cortex of rat with traumatic brain injury].
Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue ・ 2016 ・ PMID 29923387

injection / infusion positive animal study
Spinal peroxynitrite contributes to remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via enhancement of divalent metal transporter 1 without iron-responsive element-mediated iron accumulation in rats.
Anesthesiology ・ 2015 ・ PMID 25501899

injection / infusion positive animal study
Intravenous infusion of H2-saline suppresses oxidative stress and elevates antioxidant potential in Thoroughbred horses after racing exercise.
Sci Rep ・ 2015 ・ PMID 26493164

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline may be an effective and specific novel treatment for osteoradionecrosis of the jaw.
Ther Clin Risk Manag ・ 2015 ・ PMID 26508867

injection / infusion not assessed letter
Sirtuin Type 1 Mediates the Retinal Protective Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Saline Against Light-Induced Damage in Rats.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ・ 2015 ・ PMID 26720481

injection / infusion positive animal study
[Effects of hydrogen rich water on the expression of Nrf 2 and the oxidative stress in rats with traumatic brain injury].
Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue ・ 2015 ・ PMID 27132459

injection / infusion positive animal study
Effect of a hydrogen (H2)-enriched solution on the albumin redox of hemodialysis patients.
Hemodial Int ・ 2014 ・ PMID 24274030

injection / infusion positive human randomized controlled trial
Molecular hydrogen suppresses reactive astrogliosis related to oxidative injury during spinal cord injury in rats.
CNS Neurosci Ther ・ 2014 ・ PMID 24685114

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline promotes survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of optic nerve crush.
PLoS One ・ 2014 ・ PMID 24915536

injection / infusion positive animal study
Therapeutic efficacy of infused molecular hydrogen in saline on rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.
Int Immunopharmacol ・ 2014 ・ PMID 24929023

injection / infusion positive human randomized controlled trial
Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline on ulcerative colitis rat model.
J Surg Res ・ 2013 ・ PMID 23773716

injection / infusion positive animal study
Transperitoneal administration of dissolved hydrogen for peritoneal dialysis patients: a novel approach to suppress oxidative stress in the peritoneal cavity.
Med Gas Res ・ 2013 ・ PMID 23816239

injection / infusion positive human case report
Hydrogen-rich saline prevents neointima formation after carotid balloon injury by suppressing ROS and the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway.
Atherosclerosis ・ 2012 ・ PMID 22153150

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline protects retina against glutamate-induced excitotoxic injury in guinea pig.
Exp Eye Res ・ 2012 ・ PMID 22154552

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline protects spermatogenesis and hematopoiesis in irradiated BALB/c mice.
Med Sci Monit ・ 2012 ・ PMID 22367121

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline protects immunocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis.
Med Sci Monit ・ 2012 ・ PMID 22460088

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of traumatic brain injury via reducing oxidative stress.
J Surg Res ・ 2012 ・ PMID 22475349

injection / infusion positive animal study
Beneficial effect of hydrogen-rich saline on cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.
J Neurosci Res ・ 2012 ・ PMID 22589232

injection / infusion positive animal study
Therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline on rat diabetic model and insulin resistant model via reduction of oxidative stress.
Chin Med J (Engl) ・ 2012 ・ PMID 22800834

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
Brain Res ・ 2012 ・ PMID 23010312

injection / infusion positive animal study
Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on decompression sickness in rats.
Aviat Space Environ Med ・ 2011 ・ PMID 21702310

injection / infusion positive animal study
Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the severity of l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ・ 2010 ・ PMID 20138831

injection / infusion positive animal study
Saturated hydrogen saline protects the lung against oxygen toxicity.
Undersea Hyperb Med ・ 2010 ・ PMID 20568549

injection / infusion positive animal study
The hypothesis of an effective safe and novel radioprotective agent: hydrogen-rich solution.
West Indian Med J ・ 2010 ・ PMID 21275114

injection / infusion not assessed letter
Hydrogen-rich saline protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) ・ 2009 ・ PMID 19596825

injection / infusion positive animal study

Related safety notes

⚠️Inhalation concentration and LFL / UFL ⚠️Inhalation safety threshold lineage

Cite as: H2 Papers — https://h2-papers.org/en/topics/injection/evidence